Research in progress: March 2, 2022
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Select Biblio:
Orrin Edgar Klapp (born 1915), a noted American sociologist, published in Sept 1949 issue of the American Journal of Sociology, an analysis of “The Fool as a Social Type.”
Klapp tried to explain the social roles of heroes, villains and fools and their significance to society at large.
In this paper, Klapp defined a fool as “a person, real or imaginary, who is generally ridiculed and who occupies a distinctive status because of this.”
He then categorized fools into ten types, each with a specific demeanor antic fool, comic rogue, rash fool, clumsy fool, deformed fool, simple fool, weak fool, comic butt, pompous fool and mock hero.
Klapp, Orrin E. Symbolic Leaders. N.Y. 1964
Klapp, Orrin E. The Collective Search for Identity. N.Y. 1969.
Klapp, Orrin. Heroes, Villains, and Fools. Prentice Hall, 1963
Intro: Importance of social typing;
Part 1: popular American types
Part 2: changing American character
Kooistra, Paul. Criminals as Heroes: Structure, Power, Identity. Bowling Green State Univ Press, 1989. 202pp.
Morella, Joe and Edward Z. Epstein. Rebels: The Rebel Hero in Film. NY: Citadel, 1971.
(Clift, Brando, James Dean; the heel as hero; British rebel hero)
